一、from to to是什么詞性？

from…to…類介詞結構用法歸納

一、from…to…類結構的用法

1. 主要意思

(1) 表示“從……至……”“從……到……”.如：

How far is it from your office to the bank? 從你辦公室到銀行有多遠?

We are removing from London to the country. 我們正從倫敦遷往鄉下.

I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground. 我要一條繩,其長度能自最上一扇窗戶垂到地面.

(2) 表示“由……變成……”“將……改為……”.如：

He has moved from acting to film production. 他由演員變成了制片人.

She’s been downgraded from principal to deputy. 她已從校長降為副校長.

He swings from wild optimism to total despair. 他由極其樂觀一變而為完全絕望.

The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory. 這房間由廚房改成了廁所.

(3) 表示“從一個……到另一個……”“一個……一個地”“逐個……”“挨個……”.如：

These people go from house to house selling goods. 這些人挨家挨戶兜售貨物.

The ape swung along from branch to branch. 那只猿猴從一根樹枝湯到另一根樹枝上.

He went from village to village, seeking for work. 他從一個村子到另一個村子,找尋工作.

I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV. 我看電視時喜歡不斷地換頻道.

Migrant workers move from country to country in search of work. 流動工人從一國遷到另一國找尋工作.

The smaller animals can easily leap from tree to tree. 身體較小的動物可以在樹叢間輕巧地跳來跳去.

Computer viruses replicate themselves and are passed along from user to user. 計算機病毒可以自我復制,然后由用戶傳給用戶.

2. 主要句法功能

(1) 用作表語

Lunch is from eleven to two. 從十一點到兩點開午飯.

Office hours are from 9 am to 5 pm. 辦公時間從上午9點到下午5點.

The price range is from $100 to $500. 價格在100美元至500美元之間不等.

In Britain the long vacation is from June to October. 在英國,長的假期是從六月到十月.

The annual range of temperature is from –10℃ to 40℃. 全年的溫度較差為零下10度至40度.

(2) 用作狀語

She went straight from school to university. 她中學一畢業就馬上進了大學.

Salaries are from 10% to 50% higher than in Britain. 薪金比在英國高10%到15%.

The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯決賽從英國向日本作了實況轉播.

I work from Tuesday to Saturday, and Sunday and Monday are my days off. 我從星期二到星期六工作,星期日和星期一休息.

(3) 用作定語

通常用于名詞后作定語.如：

The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period. 從少年時期向成年時期的轉變常是令人困惑的時期.

但有時from…to…結構用于名詞前起修飾作用,此時通常可視為from…后（也就介詞to之前）省略了一個名詞.如：

Norway jumped from ninth to third place. 挪威從第9位躍升至第3位.（可視為ninth的后面省略了place）

Water passes from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes. 水結冰是由液態變為固態.（可視為liquid的后面省略了state）

Could you cut your essay from 10,000 to 5,000 words? 請把你的那篇文章從10,000字刪減到5,000字行嗎?（可視為10,000的后面省略了words）

3. 連用名詞時是否用冠詞

當from…to…用于連接兩個名詞時,有時名詞前需帶有冠詞,有時不用,情形比較復雜,大致遵循的原則如下：

(1) 若所搭配的名詞意思比較具體,是在談論特定場合的具體人或事物,則通常要用冠詞.如：

The book fell from the table to the floor. 書從桌上掉到地板上.

The scene cuts from the shop to the street. 鏡頭從商店轉換到街道.

A bus transported us from the airport to the city. 一輛公共汽車把我們從機場送到市區.

(2) 若所搭配的名詞意思比較抽象,只是在談論一般概念或一般規律等,則不用冠詞.比較：

This skill wasn’t handed down from the father to the son. 這項技術并沒有從父親傳給兒子.

These skills used to be handed down from father to son. 這些技術以往都是父子相傳.

It is not far from the house he lived in to the house I lived in. 從他居住的房子到我居住的房子并不遠.

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去問是否有人見過這個小孩子.

(3) 但有時用不用冠詞,與說話人的側重點有關.比較并體會：

Then we transferredfrom a bus to a tram. 然后我們從公共汽車換成電車.

This is where we change from car to bus. 這就是我們從小汽車換乘公共汽車的地方.

(4) 在由from…to…構成的習語中,名詞前通常是不用冠詞的（見后面有關習語的用法歸納）.如：

He works from dawn till dusk. 他從天亮工作到天黑.

From time to time I still think of her. 我仍然不時地想起她.

He knows the subject from beginning to end. 這個專題他了如指掌.

The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子們全身沾滿了污泥.

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去問是否有人見過這個小孩子.

但也有些習語,用不用冠詞均可以,如from (the) cradle to (the) grave（一輩子,從生到死）.如：

From (the) cradle to (the) grave, the car marks every rite of American passage. 在美國人的一生中,每一個重要階段都有汽車的影子.

4. 關于與動名詞的搭配

from…to…結構除通常與名詞、代詞、數詞等搭配外,有時還可與動名詞搭配.如：

He made a switch from publishing to teaching. 他由出版工作改做教學工作.

We are trying to shift the emphasis from curing illness to preventing it. 我們正在努力把工作重點從治療疾病轉為預防疾病.

He’s changed from being cynical about politics to being very interested in it. 他改變了對政治懷悲觀的態度,而對其頗感興趣.

注意,以下句子中的from…to…結構中,to為不定式符號,用于構成不定式表示結果或目的等.如：

She rose from her seat to protest. 她從座位上站起來提出抗議.

He rose from the ranks to become an officer. 他由士兵升為軍官.

He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他從橋上跳入水中去搶救那溺水兒童.

People came from far and near to hear the famous violinist. 人們從四面八方趕來聽這位著名小提琴家的演奏.

5. 與動詞vary, range等搭配

from…to…還經常與range, vary等表示“變化”“變動”的動詞搭配使用,表示變化或變動的范圍.如：

Dress sizes range from petite to extra large. 服裝尺碼從特小號到特大號不等.

His interests ranged from chess to canoeing. 他的愛好從下國際象棋到劃獨木舟,范圍很廣.

These fish vary in weight from 3 lb to 5 lb. 這些魚的重量從3磅到5磅不等.

The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm. 這些植物的高度從8厘米到20厘米不等.

Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情緒由樂觀一變而為極度消沉.

值得一提的是,from…to…與動詞vary搭配使用時,其中的from…to…還經常用于連接兩個相同的名詞,強調變化或差異.如：

The weather varies from day to day. 天氣一天天變化.

Test scores vary from school to school. 測試成績各校不同.

Prices vary widely from shop to shop. 價格各個商店大不一樣.

The treatment will vary from patient to patient. 治療方法因人而異.

Levels of unemployment vary from region to region. 失業情形各地不同.

Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 社會習俗各國差別很大.

Medical treatment varies greatly from state to state. 醫療制度各州大不同一樣.

The symptoms she suffered varied from month to month. 她的癥狀每個月都不同.

Office hours vary from company to company and country to country. 因公司、國家不同,辦公時間也有所不同.

【注】lurch from one crisis / extreme etc to another: also lurch from crisis to crisis

比較以下相似表達：

Salary scales vary between states. 工資高低各州不同.

Salary scales vary from state to state. 工資高低一個州與另一州不同.

Salary scales vary according to state. 工資高低視所在的州有報不同.

Salary scales vary with each state. 工資高低各個州不同.

6. 用于 from one…to…結構

from one…to another

主要用于談論三者或三者以上的情況,大意為“從一個……到另一個……”,具體翻譯時需視句子語境而定.如：

She skipped from one subject to another. 她講得沒有條理,東拉西扯.

She spends the day rushing from one meeting to another. 她成天在會場之間奔波.

There are no mechanisms for transferring funds from one department to another. 基金無法從一部門轉移至另一部門.

【注】該結構有時也可用于指談論兩者的情況,如下面一句摘自《朗文當代高級英語辭典》第4版的shift詞條：

Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another. 喬聽著,不安地把重心從一只腳轉移到另一只腳.

from one…to the other

主要用于談論兩者的情況,意思是“從（兩者中的）一個……到另一個……”.如：

The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. 兩種文化迥然不同,她發現很難用一種去適應另一種.

from one…to the next

與from one…to another用法相惟,也主要用于談論三者或三者以上的情況,表示“從一個……到下一個……”,具體翻譯時需視句子語境而定.如：

His moods swung wildly from one day to the next. 他的情緒天天起伏很大.

You don’t know what his mood will be from one day to the next. 真說不上他的情緒今天怎樣明天又怎樣.

I couldn’t understand his lecture because he kept jumping from one topic to the next. 我聽不懂他的演講,他總是從一項內容跳到另一項內容.

Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next. 統計數字的不規則,會使某一年的經濟資料很難與下一年相比較.

7. 用于某些習慣搭配

from beginning to end 從頭到尾

I’ve read the book from beginning to end. 我把這本書從頭到尾看完了.

The argument was shallow from beginning to end. 那次辯論從頭到尾都很膚淺.

from bad to worse 越來越糟

Things are going from bad to worse. 事態越來越糟了.

His business is going from bad to worse. 他的生意每況愈下.

from cover to cover 從頭至尾地

二、伊索寓言毛驢和狼英文版？

A wolf once met a donkey on the road outside the village.

　　"I 'm going to eat you up, "said the wolf .

　　"Certainly, " replied the donkey, thinking fast. "But please don't eat me out here on the road where everyone can see. I shall be so ashamed . Take me into the forest. Don't be afraid that I shall try to escape. Here, tie this rope round your neck and fasten it to my bridle. Then I will lead you to a quiet spot I know."

　　The wolf thought this was a good idea so he fastened the rope round his neck and knotted it firmly to the donkey's bridle.

　　"Now I will go wherever you say, " said the donkey.

　　"Show me the way to your quiet spot , " ordered the wolf.

　　"Very well," said the donkey, setting off down the road towards the village. As they came to the first houses the wolf began to suspect that he had been tricked.

　　"This is not the way to the forest, " he said, tugging at his end of the rope. "This road goes to the village."

　　"Don't worry," said the donkey cheerfully , "This is a short cut. "

　　The donkey began to trot faster , then to gallop. The rope round the wolf's neck drew tight; in a very short time he was dragged right up to the donkey's door.

　　The master, his wife and their three sons all came running out to rescue the donkey . They were so angry that they would have killed the wolf there and then. Fortunately for the wolf , however , one of the sons threw a knife at him. The knife missed , but it cut the rope round his neck. The next moment all the family could see was a cloud of dust in the road as the wolf fled to safety in the dark forest.　　

If you keep your head you will be all right.

三、from to前加什么介詞？

它前邊不加介詞。

from…to…類介詞結構用法歸納

一、from…to…類結構的用法

1. 主要意思

(1) 表示“從……至……”“從……到……”。如：

How far is it from your office to the bank? 從你辦公室到銀行有多遠?

We are removing from London to the country. 我們正從倫敦遷往鄉下。

I want a rope that will go from the top window to the ground. 我要一條繩，其長度能自最上一扇窗戶垂到地面。

(2) 表示“由……變成……”“將……改為……”。如：

He has moved from acting to film production. 他由演員變成了制片人。

She’s been downgraded from principal to deputy. 她已從校長降為副校長。

He swings from wild optimism to total despair. 他由極其樂觀一變而為完全絕望。

The room was converted from a kitchen to a lavatory. 這房間由廚房改成了廁所。

(3) 表示“從一個……到另一個……”“一個……一個地”“逐個……”“挨個……”。如：

These people go from house to house selling goods. 這些人挨家挨戶兜售貨物。

The ape swung along from branch to branch. 那只猿猴從一根樹枝湯到另一根樹枝上。

He went from village to village, seeking for work. 他從一個村子到另一個村子，找尋工作。

I like to hop from channel to channel when I watch TV. 我看電視時喜歡不斷地換頻道。

Migrant workers move from country to country in search of work. 流動工人從一國遷到另一國找尋工作。

The smaller animals can easily leap from tree to tree. 身體較小的動物可以在樹叢間輕巧地跳來跳去。

Computer viruses replicate themselves and are passed along from user to user. 計算機病毒可以自我復制，然后由用戶傳給用戶。

2. 主要句法功能

(1) 用作表語

Lunch is from eleven to two. 從十一點到兩點開午飯。

Office hours are from 9 am to 5 pm. 辦公時間從上午9點到下午5點。

The price range is from $100 to $500. 價格在100美元至500美元之間不等。

In Britain the long vacation is from June to October. 在英國，長的假期是從六月到十月。

The annual range of temperature is from –10℃ to 40℃. 全年的溫度較差為零下10度至40度。

(2) 用作狀語

She went straight from school to university. 她中學一畢業就馬上進了大學。

Salaries are from 10% to 50% higher than in Britain. 薪金比在英國高10%到15%。

The World Cup Final was beamed live from Britain to Japan. 世界杯決賽從英國向日本作了實況轉播。

I work from Tuesday to Saturday, and Sunday and Monday are my days off. 我從星期二到星期六工作，星期日和星期一休息。

(3) 用作定語

通常用于名詞后作定語。如：

The transition from boyhood to manhood can be a confusing period. 從少年時期向成年時期的轉變常是令人困惑的時期。

但有時from…to…結構用于名詞前起修飾作用，此時通常可視為from…后（也就介詞to之前）省略了一個名詞。如：

Norway jumped from ninth to third place. 挪威從第9位躍升至第3位。（可視為ninth的后面省略了place）

Water passes from a liquid to a solid state when it freezes. 水結冰是由液態變為固態。（可視為liquid的后面省略了state）

Could you cut your essay from 10,000 to 5,000 words? 請把你的那篇文章從10,000字刪減到5,000字行嗎?（可視為10,000的后面省略了words）

3. 連用名詞時是否用冠詞

當from…to…用于連接兩個名詞時，有時名詞前需帶有冠詞，有時不用，情形比較復雜，大致遵循的原則如下：

(1) 若所搭配的名詞意思比較具體，是在談論特定場合的具體人或事物，則通常要用冠詞。如：

The book fell from the table to the floor. 書從桌上掉到地板上。

The scene cuts from the shop to the street. 鏡頭從商店轉換到街道。

A bus transported us from the airport to the city. 一輛公共汽車把我們從機場送到市區。

(2) 若所搭配的名詞意思比較抽象，只是在談論一般概念或一般規律等，則不用冠詞。比較：

This skill wasn’t handed down from the father to the son. 這項技術并沒有從父親傳給兒子。

These skills used to be handed down from father to son. 這些技術以往都是父子相傳。

It is not far from the house he lived in to the house I lived in. 從他居住的房子到我居住的房子并不遠。

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去問是否有人見過這個小孩子。

(3) 但有時用不用冠詞，與說話人的側重點有關。比較并體會：

Then we transferredfrom a bus to a tram. 然后我們從公共汽車換成電車。

This is where we change from car to bus. 這就是我們從小汽車換乘公共汽車的地方。

(4) 在由from…to…構成的習語中，名詞前通常是不用冠詞的（見后面有關習語的用法歸納）。如：

He works from dawn till dusk. 他從天亮工作到天黑。

From time to time I still think of her. 我仍然不時地想起她。

He knows the subject from beginning to end. 這個專題他了如指掌。

The children were covered in mud from head to toe. 孩子們全身沾滿了污泥。

She went from house to house asking if anyone had seen the child. 她一家家去問是否有人見過這個小孩子。

但也有些習語，用不用冠詞均可以，如from (the) cradle to (the) grave（一輩子，從生到死）。如：

From (the) cradle to (the) grave, the car marks every rite of American passage. 在美國人的一生中，每一個重要階段都有汽車的影子。

4. 關于與動名詞的搭配

from…to…結構除通常與名詞、代詞、數詞等搭配外，有時還可與動名詞搭配。如：

He made a switch from publishing to teaching. 他由出版工作改做教學工作。

We are trying to shift the emphasis from curing illness to preventing it. 我們正在努力把工作重點從治療疾病轉為預防疾病。

He’s changed from being cynical about politics to being very interested in it. 他改變了對政治懷悲觀的態度，而對其頗感興趣。

注意，以下句子中的from…to…結構中，to為不定式符號，用于構成不定式表示結果或目的等。如：

She rose from her seat to protest. 她從座位上站起來提出抗議。

He rose from the ranks to become an officer. 他由士兵升為軍官。

He dived from the bridge to rescue the drowning child. 他從橋上跳入水中去搶救那溺水兒童。

People came from far and near to hear the famous violinist. 人們從四面八方趕來聽這位著名小提琴家的演奏。

5. 與動詞vary, range等搭配

from…to…還經常與range, vary等表示“變化”“變動”的動詞搭配使用，表示變化或變動的范圍。如：

Dress sizes range from petite to extra large. 服裝尺碼從特小號到特大號不等。

His interests ranged from chess to canoeing. 他的愛好從下國際象棋到劃獨木舟，范圍很廣。

These fish vary in weight from 3 lb to 5 lb. 這些魚的重量從3磅到5磅不等。

The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm. 這些植物的高度從8厘米到20厘米不等。

Her mood varied from optimism to extreme depression. 她的情緒由樂觀一變而為極度消沉。

值得一提的是，from…to…與動詞vary搭配使用時，其中的from…to…還經常用于連接兩個相同的名詞，強調變化或差異。如：

The weather varies from day to day. 天氣一天天變化。

Test scores vary from school to school. 測試成績各校不同。

Prices vary widely from shop to shop. 價格各個商店大不一樣。

The treatment will vary from patient to patient. 治療方法因人而異。

Levels of unemployment vary from region to region. 失業情形各地不同。

Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 社會習俗各國差別很大。

Medical treatment varies greatly from state to state. 醫療制度各州大不同一樣。

The symptoms she suffered varied from month to month. 她的癥狀每個月都不同。

Office hours vary from company to company and country to country. 因公司、國家不同，辦公時間也有所不同。

【注】lurch from one crisis / extreme etc to another: also lurch from crisis to crisis

比較以下相似表達：

Salary scales vary between states. 工資高低各州不同。

Salary scales vary from state to state. 工資高低一個州與另一州不同。

Salary scales vary according to state. 工資高低視所在的州有報不同。

Salary scales vary with each state. 工資高低各個州不同。

6. 用于 from one…to…結構

from one…to another

主要用于談論三者或三者以上的情況，大意為“從一個……到另一個……”，具體翻譯時需視句子語境而定。如：

She skipped from one subject to another. 她講得沒有條理，東拉西扯。

She spends the day rushing from one meeting to another. 她成天在會場之間奔波。

There are no mechanisms for transferring funds from one department to another. 基金無法從一部門轉移至另一部門。

【注】該結構有時也可用于指談論兩者的情況，如下面一句摘自《朗文當代高級英語辭典》第4版的shift詞條：

Joe listened, shifting uncomfortably from one foot to another. 喬聽著，不安地把重心從一只腳轉移到另一只腳。

from one…to the other

主要用于談論兩者的情況，意思是“從（兩者中的）一個……到另一個……”。如：

The two cultures were so utterly disparate that she found it hard to adapt from one to the other. 兩種文化迥然不同，她發現很難用一種去適應另一種。

from one…to the next

與from one…to another用法相惟，也主要用于談論三者或三者以上的情況，表示“從一個……到下一個……”，具體翻譯時需視句子語境而定。如：

His moods swung wildly from one day to the next. 他的情緒天天起伏很大。

You don’t know what his mood will be from one day to the next. 真說不上他的情緒今天怎樣明天又怎樣。

I couldn’t understand his lecture because he kept jumping from one topic to the next. 我聽不懂他的演講，他總是從一項內容跳到另一項內容。

Statistical anomalies can make it difficult to compare economic data from one year to the next. 統計數字的不規則，會使某一年的經濟資料很難與下一年相比較。

7. 用于某些習慣搭配

from beginning to end 從頭到尾

I’ve read the book from beginning to end. 我把這本書從頭到尾看完了。

The argument was shallow from beginning to end. 那次辯論從頭到尾都很膚淺。

from bad to worse 越來越糟

Things are going from bad to worse. 事態越來越糟了。

His business is going from bad to worse. 他的生意每況愈下。

from cover to cover 從頭至尾地